In an era characterized by fast technological progress that introduces new unpredictable scenarios every day, working in the law field may appear very difficult, if not supported by the right tools. In this respect, some systems based on Artificial Intelligence methods have been proposed in the literature, to support several tasks in the legal sector. Following this line of research, in this paper we propose a novel method, called PRILJ, that identifies paragraph regularities in legal case judgments, to support legal (...) experts during the redaction of legal documents. Methodologically, PRILJ adopts a two-step approach that first groups documents into clusters, according to their semantic content, and then identifies regularities in the paragraphs for each cluster. Embedding-based methods are adopted to properly represent documents and paragraphs into a semantic numerical feature space, and an Approximated Nearest Neighbor Search method is adopted to efficiently retrieve the most similar paragraphs with respect to the paragraphs of a document under preparation. Our extensive experimental evaluation, performed on a real-world dataset provided by EUR-Lex, proves the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed method. In particular, its ability of modeling different topics of legal documents, as well as of capturing the semantics of the textual content, appear very beneficial for the considered task, and make PRILJ very robust to the possible presence of noise in the data. (shrink)

Tomando como punto de partida un análisis de los conceptos que aparecen en el título de su participación, Bovero sostiene que atribuir toda especie de derechos al «ciudadano», al miembro de una comunidad determinada, cierra la posibilidad de considerar el problema de los derechos de la persona y su específica relevancia actual en un mundo atravesado por grandes masas de migraciones de personas desesperadas. Más en general, concebir los derechos fundamentales como derechos de ciudadanía impide plantear correctamente el problema de (...) su defensa, cuyo nivel crucial sólo puede ser el supranacional. (shrink)

La presente obra se trata de un ejercicio de reflexión colectiva para [re]pensar a Bobbio con verdaderos artículos científicos por parte de los estudiosos de su obra más acreditados en Europa y América Latina: Michelangelo Bovero, Arnaldo Córdova, José Fernández Santillán, Ermanno Vitale, entre otros. A la vez que un homenaje al filósofo turinés, se logra con estos textos una revisión crítica de muchas de las ideas clave de su pensamiento a la luz de los retos del siglo XXI: (...) democracia, terrorismo, derechos fundamentales, etc. (shrink)

Ästhetische und politische Diskurse standen im späten 18. Jahrhundert in einem untrennbaren Wechselverhältnis. Die ästhetischen Entwürfe und literarischen Fiktionen von Autoren wie Karl Philipp Moritz, Salomon Maimon, Daniel Jenisch, Johann Friedrich Reichardt oder dem jungen Wilhelm von Humboldt sind sowohl Reflexionen als auch normative Vorwegnahmen des Wandels von der noch weitgehend höfisch dominierten Residenzkultur der friderizianischen Epoche zur emanzipierten Stadtkultur des Reformzeitalters. Der in der Studie verfolgte topographische methodische Zugang ermöglicht es, die untersuchten ideellen Diskurse institutionen- und mediengeschichtlich zu verankern (...) und als Argumentationsstrategien innerhalb konkreter Debatten zu verstehen. Durch die lokale und temporale Konzentration lässt sich der Gegenstand zudem quer zur disziplinären Arbeitsteilung (Geschichte, Literatur, Philosophie) und zu literatur- und kulturgeschichtlichen Epochengrenzen untersuchen. (shrink)

Excerpt from L'Esiglio di Sant'agostino: Note Sulle Contraddizioni di un Sistema di Filosofia per Decreto; L'Objet De la Connaissance Humaine l'Essere e la Conoscenza l'Unité De la Philosophie Et la Théorie De la Connaissance Il solo occuparsi di queste cose pare ad alcuni indizio di spirito non libero, non filosofico. E da costoro che io mi aspetto un rimprovero di questo genere: Voi perdete. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at (...) www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

- Diskussion von Epochenbegriff und Epochengrenzen - Autor, Markt und Publikum: Strukturwandel der literarischen Öffentlichkeit - Die Epoche im Spiegel der zeitgenössischen Debatten, z. B.: Nationalliteratur, Antike, Ästhetik, Religion - Popularisierung von Wissen und literarische Wissensvermittlung - Kulturtransfer und Fremderfahrung - Gattungsinnovationen und Gattungswandel: Drama, Roman, Publizistik und Literaturkritik, Fabel und Prosaerzählung, Dialog und Essay.

Nicholas of Cusa.--The academic scholar.--Leonardo da Vinci.--Sir Thomas More.--Machiavelli.--Erasmus, Luther, and Dürer.--Michelangelo.--Copernicus.--Montaigne.--Paracelsus, Kepler, and Boehme.--Galileo.--Hakluyt.--Giordano Bruno.--Recommended further reading (p. 277-281).

In 1882, Tommaso de Amicis, dermatologist and venereologist at the University of Naples, Italy, published a description of twelve cases of Kaposi's sarcoma. This article is the second report about the above-mentioned disease after the first description of five cases by Moritz Kaposi ten years earlier. The publication by De Amicis was organized as a collection of case reports followed by a section containing general considerations about the etiopathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and therapy of Kaposi's sarcoma. Ten cases are (...) typical of the so-called 'classic' form of the disease, that has a peculiar indolent chronic course, while two out of the twelve cases strongly resemble the clinical form of Kaposi's sarcoma currently recognized as that associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The nature of Kaposi's sarcoma is still being debated, but current evidence suggests that it is a viral-associated, if not viral-induced, tumor and its relationship with AIDS is that of an opportunistic disease. Thus, the presence of the clinical form of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma can be used as a marker of the presence of sporadic cases of AIDS much earlier than its pandemic diffusion. (shrink)

The Sculptor of the Overman and the Dithyrambic Artist: Michelangelo and Wagner in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. This paper draws on the work of Mazzino Montinari in order to explore the relations between Nietzsche’s image of Michelangelo and specific elements of Thus Spoke Zarathustra. These elements concern the idea of the overman and the figure which is sleeping in the stone. A biography of Michelangelo by the art historian Herman Grimm, a correspondent of Ralph Waldo Emerson, may be (...) the source of Nietzsche’s reference to a mysterious statue described in the chapter “Of Those who are Sublime”. Moreover, Jacob Burckhardt’s Cicerone may help to explain the relationship between Wagner and the sculptor. One way to understand the context of this image is to return to the fourth Untimely Meditation - Richard Wagner in Bayreuth - in which Nietzsche portrays Wagner as both a sculptor and a dithyrambic artist. Some years later Zarathustra/nietzsche will himself appear as the sculptor of the overman and as the authentic dithyrambic poet, that is the authentic “musician of the future”. (shrink)

Chung Kuo, Cina, a documentary film by Michelangelo Antonioni, aroused fierce criticism both in China and in Europe when it was released in 1973. While these objections contradicted one another, they all share a conceptual core : the notion of realism understood in a Marxian sense as a critical representation of reality. Yet by refusing to grant a coherent and essentialist meaning to its images, Chung Kuo, Cina problematizes the presuppositions of such an understanding of realism. In this way, (...) the film anticipates some of its intrinsic difficulties and inaugurates a new form of criticism. -/- À sa sortie en 1973, le film documentaire Chung Kuo, Cina de Michelangelo Antonioni a provoqué des critiques farouches aussi bien en Chine qu’en Europe. Bien qu’elles se contredisent entre elles, ces objections se rejoignent toutes dans un noyau conceptuel autour de la notion de réalisme, entendu au sens marxiste comme représentation critique de la réalité. Cependant, en refusant d’accorder un sens cohérent et essentialiste à ses images, ce film permet de problématiser les présupposés de cette compréhension même du réalisme. Il préfigure ainsi certaines difficultés qui lui sont inhérentes et permet de concevoir une autre manière d’entendre la critique. (shrink)

A poesia, em seu sentido mais amplo, surge como ponto de partida para todos os conhecimentos acerca do homem e do mundo. Assim, o poeta não é apenas um artista que produz versos, mas o que busca uma intermediação entre o humano e o divino. Este artigo tem como proposta estudar a poesia e a arte de Michelangelo Buonarroti a partir do conceito de “Figura”, definido na obra de Auerbach, analisando o poético na obra do artista italiano a partir (...) de suas relações com o profético. Tanto na pintura dos afrescos da Capela Sistina, quanto na escrita de seus poemas, Michelangelo nos revela a luta do artista para atribuir à obra sentidos transcendentais, transformando a Arte em revelação divina, que exige uma interpretação dos seus leitores. Seguindo essa ideia, o gênio italiano passa a unir figuras pagãs e cristãs, como sibilas greco-romanas e profetas judaico-cristãos, para reler o passado, interpretar o presente e prenunciar o futuro.Palavras-chave: Poesia; Profético; Michelangelo; Auerbach.Poetry, in its broadest sense, emerges as a starting point for all knowledge about man and the world. The poet is not only an artist that writes verses, but one who seeks to intercede between the human and the divine. This article aims at studying the poetry and art of Michelangelo Buonarroti taking the concept of "Figure", as defined in the work of Auerbach, and analyzing the poetic work of the Italian artist and how it relates to prophetic themes. Both in the painting of the frescoes of the Sistine Chapel and in his poems, Michelangelo reveals the battle of the artist to assign a sense of transcendence, transforming Art in a divine revelation, which will require an interpretation of their readers. Grounded on this idea, the Italian genius blends Christian and pagan figures, such as Greco-Romans Sybils and Judeo-Christian prophets, to reread the past, interpret the present and foreshadow the future.Keywords: Poetry; Prophetic; Michelangelo; Auerbach.- DOI: 10.5752/P.2175-5841.2012v10n25p75. (shrink)

Galileo'nun öncülük ettiği bilimsel devrimde kilit rol oynayan bazı düşünceler Rönesans ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Medici ailesinin bilinçli çabaları sonucu yaşanan Antik Yunan'ın yeniden keşfi süreci, Michelangelo'nun çabalarıyla başlamış ve Galileo ile sürmüştür. Bu çalışmada hem Michelangelo'nun hem de Galileo'nun konularına Platonist bir tavırla yaklaştıklarını ve Medicilerin desteğinin tüm bu devrim boyunca yaşamsal olduğunu göstermeye çalıştım.

A presente pesquisa visou a explorar brevemente as relações entre as obras do jovem Michelangelo e a influência teórica do platonismo e neoplatonismo que se disseminaram em Florença durante a época de Lorenzo, o Magnífico. Para empreender o projeto com clareza, dividiu-se a abordagem em quatro momentos, sendo eles: i) uma introdução geral; ii) o cenário Florentino e a filosofia platônica; iii) a filosofia platônica, seus principais pontos e a recuperação de seus conceitos pelos humanistas renascentistas; e iv) a (...) influência platônica sobre o jovem Michelangelo. Assim, buscou-se, sem pretensões de esgotar o tema, demonstrar em que medida as formas artísticas de Michelangelo e suas concepções filosóficas estão profundamente interligadas.Palavras-chave: Platão. Neoplatonismo. Arte. Michelangelo. Humanismo. (shrink)

Let us agree, to begin with, that we are not shown [in Last Judgment], as Life Magazine long ago phrased it, a Saint Bartholomew who "holds his own mortal skin, in which Michelangelo whimsically painted a distorted portrait of himself.”1 The face was sloughed with the rest of the skin and goes with it. What we see is a Saint Bartholomew with another's integument in his hand. We next consider an aspect of the self-portrait which even La Cava left (...) out of account - its relative siting. This has to matter since the portrait lies in the path of Christ's imminent action. More than that, it lies on a diagonal that traverses the fresco like a heraldic bend chief to base - from left top to right bottom. The twofold competence thus assumed by the self-portrait - in its concrete location and in the range of its influence - is something to marvel at. A hangdog face flops to one side, helpless and limp. But the tilt of its axis projected upward across the field strikes the apex of the left-hand lunette, the uppermost point of the fresco. And if, departing once again from the skin's facial axis, we project its course netherward, we discover the line produced to aim straight at the fresco's lower right corner. Such results do not come by chance. To put it literally, letting metaphor fall where it may: it is the extension of the self's axis that strings the continuum of heaven and hell. · 1. Life Magazine, 6 December 1949, p. 45. So also Redig de Campos speaks of the lifeless Apostle's own skin, "dove il Buonarroti ha nascoto un singolare autoritratto..in caricatura tragica della sua 'infinita miseria'" . Tolnay sees the matter correctly: "It is the artist's empty skin which the saint holds in his hand" Leo Steinberg is Benjamin Franklin Professor and University Professor of the History of Art at the University of Pennsylvania. His publications include Other Criteria: Confrontations with Twentieth-Century Art, Michelangelo's Last Paintings, Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane, as well as studies of Leonardo, Pontormo, Velazquez, and Picasso. (shrink)

In certain artifacts, which can be classified as images, suspicious phenomena such as >black highlights color of light image vehicle image object _German_ In bestimmten Artefakten, die als >Bilder schwarze Glanzlichter Farbe des Lichts< übernimmt. Wer sich überzeugt hat, dass solche Erscheinungen tatsächlich nachweisbar sind, und herausbekommen möchte, durch welche Operationen sie hervorgebracht werden, sieht sich auf grundlegende bildtheoretische Unterscheidungen wie die Differenz zwischen Bildvehikel und Bildobjekt verwiesen.

Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. In this paper, I extensively review the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of inter-cultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behaviour. This will not only allow us to confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may (...) have emerged, but will especially provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation. (shrink)

Humans have attained an unparalleled level of sophistication when engaging in collaborative and cooperative activities. Remarkably, the skills and motivation to engage in complex forms of collaboration and cooperation seem to emerge early on during infancy and childhood. In this paper, I extensively review the literature on the evolution and development of human cooperation, emphasizing important aspects of inter-cultural variation in collaborative and cooperative behaviour. This will not only allow us to confront the different evolutionary scenarios in which cooperation may (...) have emerged, but will especially provide the reader with a first orientation in the abundant literature on human cooperation. (shrink)